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Background & objectives: Accurate mosquito species identification is the basis of entomological surveys and effective vector control. Mosquito identification is either done morphologically using diagnostic features mentioned in taxonomic keys or by molecular methods using cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (coxI) and Internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). Methods: We performed a larval survey for Aedes mosquitoes from eight different geographical regions in Tamil Nadu, India. The mosquitoes collected during the survey were characterized using both morphological and molecular markers. Results: During an entomological survey from eight different geographical regions in Southern India, a morphological variety named Aedes aegypti var. luciensis was observed. The variant mosquitoes were characterized using both morphological and molecular markers. The variant mosquitoes differed only in the dark scaling of 5th segment of hind-tarsi. Around one third to two third of the 5th segment in variant mosquitoes was dark which has been described as white in identification keys. No other significant difference was observed in adults or immature stages. The variation was heritable and coexisting in the field with the type form mosquitoes. Comparison of the genetic profile of coxI and ITS2 were similar in variant and the type form indicating both of them to be conspecific. Interpretation & conclusion: The morphological variant mosquitoes were found genetically similar to the Ae. aegypti type form. However, considering its high prevalence and coexistence with Ae. aegypti type form in different geographical regions, detailed studies on bionomics, ecology, genetics, behavior as well as its plausible role in disease transmission are warranted.
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Background: Multi-detector CT (MDCT) of the stomach is the first-line imaging for patients with suspected gastric pathologies. Hence, the study was conducted to explore the characteristics of variously differentiated gastric cancers on 128 slices multi-detector computed tomography (CT). Material and methods: This prospective observational study was approved by our institutional review board, and informed consent was waived from January 2016 to January 2017. All the patients were selected by convenience sampling. All patients underwent an endoscopic biopsy that provided histologic confirmation carcinoma in the remnant stomach. CT examinations on a 128 slice CT scanner with a 0.7-second tube rotation (GE OPTIMA CT 660) were performed. The fasting time of at least six hours was recommended to patients for complete gastric emptying. Results: A total of 26 people were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 56 ± 11.96 in the study population. 13(50%) participants were male and remaining 13(50%) were female. Most cancers were Adenocarcinomas and diffuse of higher grade and nodal involvement. Among the study population, 3(11.54%) participants were with T3 tumor stage, and 23(88.46%) were with T4 tumor stage. 13(50%) participants had nodal stage1, 10(38.46%) had nodal stage 2 and remaining 3(11.54%) had nodal stage 3. 15(57.69%) had M0 metastasis, and 11(42.31%) had M1 metastasis. 23(88.46%) Participants had overall stage 1V and remaining 3(11.54%) participants had stage IIIC as detected in CT. 18(69.23%) participants had surgery and the remaining 8(30.77%) underwent chemotherapy. Conclusion: Stomach Multi-detector CT imaging is a functional imaging technology with potential clinical applications.
ABSTRACT
Sidha acuta Burm. f belonging to family Malvaceae is a terrestrial, erect shrub which is up to 155 cm tall. The plant is native to Mexico, Central America and Himalayan region of India but has spread throughout the tropics and subtropics. Sida acuta Burm. f is widely distributed in pantropical areas and is widely used as traditional medicine in many cases. Among illnesses the plant is may be used alone or in combinations with other plants to cure fever, skin diseases, snake bites, Hemorrhoids, impotency and for boils and eye cataracts. Although the plant has been screened and suggested for various therapeutic activities its photocomposition remained unrevealed because of very restricted amount of research work carried out. Thus it was thought worthwhile to explore this endangered plant on the basis of various standardization parameters. The present research work deals with the collection, identification, extraction, pharmacognosical and phytochemical investigation of Leaves of Sidha acuta Burm. f.
ABSTRACT
A 22-year-old male student presented to us with patchy sensory loss over the dorsum of right foot of 6 months' duration and swelling over the left index finger of 2 months' duration. Subsequently, a week later, he developed a painful swelling over the left forehead and right leg. On examination, tender soft, fluctuant subcutaneous saccular swellings were seen varying in size from 2x2 cm to 5x5 cm over the left supratrochlear, left radial cutaneous nerve, left digital nerve, right superficial peroneal nerve and left saphenous nerve. The nerves were tender and thickened above and below these cold swellings (cold nerve abscesses). Nerve biopsy of the left radial cutaneous nerve showed granulomatous infiltrate of epithelioid cells, lymphocytes and caseation necrosis of nerve. No bacilli were demonstrated with acid-fast stain. On the basis of the above findings, a diagnosis of pure neuritic leprosy (BT spectrum) in type 1 lepra reaction with multiple nerve abscesses was made. We present this case of pure neuritic leprosy exhibiting multiple nerve abscesses, for its rarity.